What is Phototherapy?
Phototherapy is a widely used treatment in newborn care, especially for managing neonatal jaundice. It involves exposing a baby's skin to a specific type of light that helps break down excess bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow substance that builds up in the baby's body when red blood cells break down. In newborns, the liver may not be developed enough to eliminate this substance efficiently. When bilirubin levels become too high, it leads to jaundice, which appears as yellowing of the skin and eyes.
Phototherapy is considered one of the most effective and non-invasive treatments for reducing high bilirubin levels. It is typically administered in a hospital or neonatal care unit under the supervision of pediatricians and nurses. In some cases, phototherapy may also be administered at home if the baby’s condition allows it and under medical guidance. The therapy involves placing the baby under special blue spectrum lights for a set period, depending on the bilirubin levels and the baby’s overall health condition.
During the treatment, the baby’s eyes are usually covered to protect them from the bright light, and the baby is kept undressed (except for a diaper) to allow maximum exposure to the light. Regular monitoring of bilirubin levels through blood tests helps determine the duration and effectiveness of phototherapy.
Most babies respond well to phototherapy, and jaundice typically resolves within a few days of starting the treatment. It is a safe and time-tested solution that supports liver function and helps newborns avoid complications associated with untreated jaundice. Early detection and timely phototherapy intervention ensure a healthy start for newborns dealing with this common issue.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Phototherapy
Why is phototherapy used for newborns?
Phototherapy is primarily used to treat neonatal jaundice, a common condition in newborns caused by elevated bilirubin levels. The therapy helps break down bilirubin so the baby’s body can eliminate it effectively, preventing further complications.
How long does a baby usually need phototherapy?
The duration of phototherapy varies depending on the baby's bilirubin levels and overall health. Typically, treatment lasts from 24 to 72 hours, with bilirubin levels checked periodically to track progress.
Is phototherapy safe for infants?
Yes, phototherapy is a safe and well-established treatment for jaundice in newborns. It is non-invasive and usually has minimal side effects when administered under medical supervision.
Can phototherapy be done at home?
In mild cases, phototherapy can be done at home with phototherapy units provided under the guidance of a pediatrician. However, regular bilirubin monitoring is essential to ensure the treatment is working effectively.
How does light help reduce bilirubin?
Phototherapy uses a specific blue spectrum of light that changes the shape and structure of bilirubin molecules, making them easier for the baby’s body to process and eliminate through urine and stool.
Does phototherapy affect the baby’s feeding or sleep?
Babies undergoing phototherapy can continue breastfeeding or bottle feeding as usual. They might be temporarily removed from the light during feeding, and feeding encourages bilirubin removal. Sleep patterns may vary slightly but are usually not significantly affected.
What should parents do while the baby is under phototherapy?
Parents should follow the healthcare provider's advice, ensure regular feeding, and help monitor the baby's output (urine and stool). Emotional support and physical bonding are important during breaks from the light.
What are signs that phototherapy is working?
Signs include a gradual lightening of the yellow tone in the skin and eyes, increased stool output, and lowering bilirubin levels in blood test results. Doctors usually monitor this closely and update parents regularly.
Will jaundice come back after stopping phototherapy?
In some babies, jaundice may slightly return after therapy stops, especially if the underlying cause remains. However, it is often less severe and may resolve on its own. Follow-up evaluations help determine if further treatment is needed.
Phototherapy is a trusted solution in pediatric care, offering newborns quick and safe recovery from jaundice. Parents should feel reassured that with early medical attention and continued monitoring, most babies respond very well and go on to thrive without any lasting issues related to their bilirubin levels.